Meteorological Analysis of Floods in Ghana

Meteorological Analysis of Floods in Ghana

The first episodes of floods caused by heavy rainfall during the major rainy season in 2018 occurred in Accra (5.6°N and 0.17°W), a coastal town, and Kumasi (6.72°N and 1.6°W) in the forest region on the 18th and 28th of June, respectively. We applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advances in meteorology Vol. 2020; no. 2020; pp. 1 - 14
Main Authors: Tanu, M., Yahaya, Bashiru, Otu-Larbi, F., Yorke, C. K., Ahiataku, M. A., Ansah, S. O., Lamptey, P. N. L.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2020
Hindawi
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Hindawi Limited
Subjects:
Analysis
Annual rainfall
Azores
Casualties
Disaster management
Economic impact
Economics
Emergency management
Emergency preparedness
Extreme values
Extreme weather
Fatalities
Floods
Ghana
Heavy rainfall
Hydrologic data
Maximum rainfall
Meteorological research
Moisture content
Nigeria
Normal distribution
Numerical weather forecasting
Rain
Rain and rainfall
Rainfall amount
Rainfall data
Rainfall intensity
Rainy season
Slopes
Thunderstorms
Tropical climate
Tropical easterly jet
Weather
Weather forecasting
Wet season
Azores
Nigeria
Ghana
Burkina Faso
Niger
West Africa
Africa
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Summary:The first episodes of floods caused by heavy rainfall during the major rainy season in 2018 occurred in Accra (5.6°N and 0.17°W), a coastal town, and Kumasi (6.72°N and 1.6°W) in the forest region on the 18th and 28th of June, respectively. We applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate and examine the meteorological dynamics, which resulted in the extreme rainfall and floods that caused 14 deaths, 34076 people being displaced with damaged properties, and economic loss estimated at $168,289 for the two cities according to the National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO). The slow-moving thunderstorms lasted for about 8 hours due to the weak African Easterly Wave (AEW) and Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ). Results from the analysis showed that surface pressures were low with significant amount of moisture influx aiding the thunderstorms intensification, which produced 90.1 mm and 114.6 mm of rainfall over Accra and Kumasi, respectively. We compared the rainfall amount from this event to the historical rainfall data to investigate possible changes in rainfall intensities over time. A time series of annual daily maximum rainfall (ADMR) showed an increasing trend with a slope of 0.45 over Accra and a decreasing trend and a slope of –0.07 over Kumasi. The 95th percentile frequencies of extreme rainfall with thresholds of 45.10 mm and 42.16 mm were analyzed for Accra and Kumasi, respectively, based on the normal distribution of rainfall. Accra showed fewer days with more heavy rainfall, while Kumasi showed more days with less heavy rainfalls.
ISSN:1687-9309
1687-9317
DOI:10.1155/2020/4230627