Effect of additional polishing methods on the physical surface properties of different nanocomposites: SEM and AFM study

This evaluated the arrangement of filler particles in depth of nanocomposites, and surface roughness, wettability, microtopography, and micromorphology following additional polishing step. Forty samples of each composite tested [Filtek Z350XT (FZ), IPS Empress Direct (IP)] were fabricated and finish...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Microscopy research and technique Vol. 81; no. 12; pp. 1467 - 1473
Main Authors:	Costa, Giovanna de Fátima Alves da, Fernandes, Ana Carla Bezerra de Carvalho Justo, Carvalho, Lenise Anand de Oliveira, Andrade, Aldenora Cardoso, Assunção, Isauremi Vieira, Borges, Boniek Castillo Dutra
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-12-2018 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Atomic force microscopy Composite materials composite resin Contact angle dental polishing Microscopy Nanocomposites Polishing Polymers Resins Rubber Scanning electron microscopy Smoothness Surface properties Surface roughness Variance analysis Wettability wettability composite resin dental polishing surface roughness
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Summary:	This evaluated the arrangement of filler particles in depth of nanocomposites, and surface roughness, wettability, microtopography, and micromorphology following additional polishing step. Forty samples of each composite tested [Filtek Z350XT (FZ), IPS Empress Direct (IP)] were fabricated and finished/polished/additionally polished using one of the following methods (n = 10/group): no finishing/polishing (NFP), Sof‐Lex Pop‐On + no additional polishing (SP), Sof‐Lex Pop‐On + Astropol rubber polisher (SP+A), and Sof‐Lex Pop‐On + felt disc with polishing paste (SP+FP). Surface roughness (Ra) and contact angles were measured using a profilometer and goniometer, respectively. Microtopography and micromorphology were evaluated using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Ra and contact angle data were examined by two‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < .05). Organic matrix, lower and larger filler particles were disposed in depth. Mean Ra values were lowest and contact angles were smallest in the NFP group for both composite resins. SP+A and SP+FP decreased mean Ra in comparison with SP for FZ, whereas only SP+FP decreased mean Ra in comparison with SP for IP. Only SP+FP increased contact angles in comparison with SP for FZ, whereas contact angles in the SP+A, SP+FP, and SP groups were similar for FZ. Both composites presented more uniform topography and smother surfaces following SP+A and SP+FP in comparison with SP. Therefore, additional polishing improved surface smoothness and decreased wettability of the composite resins studied. SP+FP produced smoother and less wettable surfaces for FZ and IP. • This is a pioneer study which analyzes the arrangement of filler particles in dental nanocomposites though scanning electron microscopy.• Physical properties and microscopic surface characteristics of dental nanocomposites were improved by an additional polishing step.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1059-910X 1097-0029
DOI:	10.1002/jemt.23147