Flow cytometry for meningeal infiltration in B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a low middle income country

Meningeal infiltration in children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most serious complications. Timely diagnosis not only significantly enhances treatment efficacy but also leads to improve patient outcome and reduce risk of relapse. This is particularly crucial in low to middle inc...

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Published in:	Cytometry. Part B, Clinical cytometry Vol. 106; no. 5; pp. 405 - 411
Main Authors:	Anane, Eya, Lakhal, Fatma Ben, Salem, Sarra Fekih, Ghali, Ons, Feki, Emna, Abdennebi, Yosr Ben, Bahri, Marwa, Azza, Emna, Aissaoui, Lamia, El Borgi, Wijden, Gouider, Emna
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-09-2024 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia B acute lymphoblastic leukemia Blast cells Central nervous system Cerebrospinal fluid Chi-square test Cytology Flow cytometry Hematology Infiltration Leukemia Lymphatic leukemia Risk management Risk reduction sensitivity specificity Statistical analysis B acute lymphoblastic leukemia specificity flow cytometry sensitivity infiltration cerebrospinal fluid
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Summary:	Meningeal infiltration in children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia is one of the most serious complications. Timely diagnosis not only significantly enhances treatment efficacy but also leads to improve patient outcome and reduce risk of relapse. This is particularly crucial in low to middle income countries facing health constraints, where optimizing resources is essential. Conventional cytology (CC) study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is considered in different countries to be the Gold‐standard despite its low sensitivity (< 50%). The study of CSF by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) appears to be an alternative. The aim of our study was to assess MFC analytical performance compared with CC. Our cross sectional study was conducted over a six‐month period in the biological hematology department. CSF samples underwent analysis for the presence of blasts using both CC and MFC. Cytological slides of the CSF were prepared by cytocentrifugation in a Shandon Cytospin 4™. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on the BD FACSLyric™ flow cytometer. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS Inc.). Agreement between the two methods was made using the Kappa index and χ2 test. This study was approved by the local ethics committee. Sixty CSF samples from 39 children with B acute lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed. Meningeal infiltration was detected respectively in 20% of cases by MFC and 5% of cases by CC, with a significant difference p = 0.006. Comparing the two methods, the Kappa coefficient was 0.35, indicating weak agreement between the two methods. Moreover, MFC positivity was higher even for hypocellular samples. Of the 51 hypocellular samples, eight were positive by MFC while they were negative by CC. MFC shows better sensitivity while retaining good specificity for the detection of meningeal involvement. MFC could therefore be a complementary method to CC for detecting blast cells in the central nervous system.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1552-4949 1552-4957 1552-4957
DOI:	10.1002/cyto.b.22179