Digestive tract toxicity associated with exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rats

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide of the chlorophenoxy class and the second most widely used herbicide applied to several different crops worldwide. Environmental factors, especially those related to diet, strongly affect the risk of developing cancer of the gastrointestinal trac...

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Published in:	Brazilian journal of medical and biological research Vol. 55; no. 1; pp. 1 - e12350
Main Authors:	Mariotti, V.C.B.S, Naufal, I.Z.F, Amorim, I.A.R, Parizi, J.L.S, Nai, G.A
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Ribeirao Preto Associacao Brasileira de Divulgacao Cientifica (ABDC) 2022 Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas Medicas Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica
Subjects:	2,4-D Analysis BIOLOGY Care and treatment Chronic exposure Chronic toxicity Diagnosis Dysplasia Environmental factors Environmental health surveillance Esophageal diseases Esophagus Exposure to pesticides Gastrointestinal diseases Gastrointestinal tract Health aspects Herbicides Inhalation Large intestine MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Poisoning Prevention Risk factors Small intestine Toxicity Toxicity testing Brazil Esophageal diseases Environmental health surveillance Gastrointestinal tract Chronic toxicity Exposure to pesticides
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Summary:	2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a herbicide of the chlorophenoxy class and the second most widely used herbicide applied to several different crops worldwide. Environmental factors, especially those related to diet, strongly affect the risk of developing cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. There is currently no evidence to determine whether there is an association between 2,4-D exposure and gastrointestinal disorders. We evaluated the histological effect of chronic oral and inhalation exposure to 2,4-D on the digestive tract of rats. Eighty male adult albino Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n=10): two control groups, one for inhalation and one for oral exposure, and 6 groups exposed orally or by inhalation at three different concentrations of 2,4-D [3.71 * [10.sup.-3] grams of active ingredient per hectare (gai/ha), 6.19 * [10.sup.-3] gai/ha, and 9.28 * [10.sup.-3] gai/ha]. The animals were exposed for 6 months. The esophagus, stomach, and intestine were collected for histopathological analysis. Animals exposed to 2,4-D had hyperkeratosis of the esophagus, regardless of the exposure route. All animals exposed to a higher concentration of 2,4-D orally presented mild dysplasia of the large intestine. In the small intestine, most animals exposed to moderate and high concentrations of 2,4-D had mild dysplasia. No gastric changes were observed in any of the groups studied. Chronic exposure to 2,4-D, especially at moderate and high concentrations, regardless of the exposure route, caused reactive damage to the esophagus (hyperkeratosis) and dysplastic changes to the intestine. Key words: Gastrointestinal tract; Esophageal diseases; Environmental health surveillance; Chronic toxicity; Exposure to pesticides
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0100-879X 1414-431X 1414-431X 1678-4510
DOI:	10.1590/1414-431X2022e12350