Search Results - "American journal of epidemiology"

COVID-19 in Health-Care Workers: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes by Gómez-Ochoa, Sergio Alejandro, Franco, Oscar H, Rojas, Lyda Z, Raguindin, Peter Francis, Roa-Díaz, Zayne Milena, Wyssmann, Beatrice Minder, Guevara, Sandra Lucrecia Romero, Echeverría, Luis Eduardo, Glisic, Marija, Muka, Taulant

“…Abstract Health-care workers (HCWs) are at the frontline of response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), being at a higher risk of acquiring the disease…”
Get full text

Comparison of Sociodemographic and Health-Related Characteristics of UK Biobank Participants With Those of the General Population by Fry, Anna, Littlejohns, Thomas J, Sudlow, Cathie, Doherty, Nicola, Adamska, Ligia, Sprosen, Tim, Collins, Rory, Allen, Naomi E

“…The UK Biobank cohort is a population-based cohort of 500,000 participants recruited in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2006 and 2010. Approximately 9.2…”
Get full text

Measuring Structural Racism: A Guide for Epidemiologists and Other Health Researchers by Adkins-Jackson, Paris B, Chantarat, Tongtan, Bailey, Zinzi D, Ponce, Ninez A

“…Abstract There have been over 100 years of literature discussing the deleterious influence of racism on health. Much of the literature describes racism as a…”
Get full text

Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available by Hernán, Miguel A., Robins, James M.

“…Abstract Ideally, questions about comparative effectiveness or safety would be answered using an appropriately designed and conducted randomized experiment…”
Get full text

Addressing Extreme Propensity Scores via the Overlap Weights by Li, Fan, Thomas, Laine E

“…Abstract The popular inverse probability weighting method in causal inference is often hampered by extreme propensity scores, resulting in biased estimates and…”
Get full text

Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (the PERSIAN Cohort Study): Rationale, Objectives, and Design by Poustchi, Hossein, Eghtesad, Sareh, Kamangar, Farin, Etemadi, Arash, Keshtkar, Abbas-Ali, Hekmatdoost, Azita, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mahmoudi, Zahra, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Roozafzai, Farzin, Sheikh, Mahdi, Jalaeikhoo, Alireza, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Najafi, Farid, Bahramali, Ehsan, Mehrparvar, Amirhoushang, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Enayati, Ahmad Ali, Esmaeili Nadimi, Ali, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Saki, Nader, Alipour, Fatemeh, Kelishadi, Roya, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Aminisani, Nayyereh, Boffetta, Paolo, Malekzadeh, Reza

“…Abstract Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for 76% of deaths in Iran, and this number is on the rise, in parallel with global rates. Many risk factors…”
Get full text

Racial Capitalism Within Public Health—How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities by McClure, Elizabeth S, Vasudevan, Pavithra, Bailey, Zinzi, Patel, Snehal, Robinson, Whitney R

“…Abstract Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals’ biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational…”
Get full text

What is Machine Learning? A Primer for the Epidemiologist by Bi, Qifang, Goodman, Katherine E, Kaminsky, Joshua, Lessler, Justin

“…Abstract Machine learning is a branch of computer science that has the potential to transform epidemiologic sciences. Amid a growing focus on “Big Data,” it…”
Get full text

Quantitative Serum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics in Large-Scale Epidemiology: A Primer on -Omic Technologies by Würtz, Peter, Kangas, Antti J, Soininen, Pasi, Lawlor, Debbie A, Davey Smith, George, Ala-Korpela, Mika

“…Detailed metabolic profiling in large-scale epidemiologic studies has uncovered novel biomarkers for cardiometabolic diseases and clarified the molecular…”
Get full text

Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure and Respiratory, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older US Adults by Pun, Vivian C, Kazemiparkouhi, Fatemeh, Manjourides, Justin, Suh, Helen H

“…The impact of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)) on respiratory…”
Get full text

Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: The Use of Pleiotropic Genetic Variants to Estimate Causal Effects by Burgess, Stephen, Thompson, Simon G.

“…Abstract A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely…”
Get full text

Eleven Telomere, Epigenetic Clock, and Biomarker-Composite Quantifications of Biological Aging: Do They Measure the Same Thing? by Belsky, Daniel W, Moffitt, Terrie E, Cohen, Alan A, Corcoran, David L, Levine, Morgan E, Prinz, Joseph A, Schaefer, Jonathan, Sugden, Karen, Williams, Benjamin, Poulton, Richie, Caspi, Avshalom

“…Abstract The geroscience hypothesis posits that therapies to slow biological processes of aging can prevent disease and extend healthy years of life. To test…”
Get full text

Increased Prevalence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Adults by PEPPARD, Paul E, YOUNG, Terry, BARNET, Jodi H, PALTA, Mari, HAGEN, Erika W, KHIN MAE HLA

“…Sleep-disordered breathing is a common disorder with a range of harmful sequelae. Obesity is a strong causal factor for sleep-disordered breathing, and because…”
Get full text

SOME DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF THE BONFERRONI CORRECTION: IS THE BONFERRONI CORRECTION REALLY SO BAD? by VanderWeele, Tyler J, Mathur, Maya B

Get full text

Association Between Risk-of-Bias Assessments and Results of Randomized Trials in Cochrane Reviews: The ROBES Meta-Epidemiologic Study by Savović, Jelena, Turner, Rebecca M, Mawdsley, David, Jones, Hayley E, Beynon, Rebecca, Higgins, Julian P T, Sterne, Jonathan A C

“…Abstract Flaws in the design of randomized trials may bias intervention effect estimates and increase between-trial heterogeneity. Empirical evidence suggests…”
Get full text

Validity of a Dietary Questionnaire Assessed by Comparison With Multiple Weighed Dietary Records or 24-Hour Recalls by Yuan, Changzheng, Spiegelman, Donna, Rimm, Eric B, Rosner, Bernard A, Stampfer, Meir J, Barnett, Junaidah B, Chavarro, Jorge E, Subar, Amy F, Sampson, Laura K, Willett, Walter C

“…The authors evaluated the validity of a 152-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) by comparing it with two 7-day dietary records (7DDRs) or…”
Get full text

What Structural Racism Is (or Is Not) and How to Measure It: Clarity for Public Health and Medical Researchers by Dean, Lorraine T, Thorpe, Roland J

“…Abstract Interest in studying structural racism’s impacts on health has grown exponentially in recent years. Across these studies, there is much heterogeneity…”
Get full text

A New Framework and Software to Estimate Time-Varying Reproduction Numbers During Epidemics by CORI, Anne, FERGUSON, Neil M, FRASER, Christophe, CAUCHEMEZ, Simon

“…The quantification of transmissibility during epidemics is essential to designing and adjusting public health responses. Transmissibility can be measured by…”
Get full text

Relative Validity of Nutrient Intakes Assessed by Questionnaire, 24-Hour Recalls, and Diet Records as Compared With Urinary Recovery and Plasma Concentration Biomarkers: Findings for Women by Yuan, Changzheng, Spiegelman, Donna, Rimm, Eric B, Rosner, Bernard A, Stampfer, Meir J, Barnett, Junaidah B, Chavarro, Jorge E, Rood, Jennifer C, Harnack, Lisa J, Sampson, Laura K, Willett, Walter C

“…Abstract We evaluated the performance of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ), the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall…”
Get full text

Cancer Stage at Diagnosis, Historical Redlining, and Current Neighborhood Characteristics: Breast, Cervical, Lung, and Colorectal Cancers, Massachusetts, 2001–2015 by Krieger, Nancy, Wright, Emily, Chen, Jarvis T, Waterman, Pamela D, Huntley, Eric R, Arcaya, Mariana

“…Abstract In the 1930s, maps created by the federal Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) nationalized residential racial segregation via “redlining,” whereby…”
Get full text