Structural and Functional Dynamics of the Ovary and Uterus during the Estrous Cycle in Donkeys in the Eastern Caribbean

Structural and Functional Dynamics of the Ovary and Uterus during the Estrous Cycle in Donkeys in the Eastern Caribbean

Eight non-bred, non-pregnant, regularly cycling Caribbean jennies were examined daily via transrectal ultrasound to define the ovarian and uterine dynamics during four consecutive estrous cycles. Blood samples were collected every other day for progesterone analysis. The mean (±SD) overall inter-ovu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 74
Main Authors: Segabinazzi, Lorenzo G T M, Gilbert, Robert O, Ambrosia, Rachael L, Bergfelt, Don R, Samper, Juan C, Peterson, Erik W, French, Hilari M
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 24-12-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
Agriculture
Animals
artificial insemination
Cervix
Contraceptives
Corpus luteum
diestrus
Dynamic structural analysis
Dynamics
Edema
Endangered species
Endometrium
estrous cycle
Estrus cycle
follicular wave
Human populations
jenny
Milk production
Ovaries
Ovulation
Populations
Progesterone
Reproduction
Reproduction (biology)
Structure-function relationships
Ultrasonic imaging
Uterus
Brazil
United States > US
artificial insemination
estrous cycle
jenny
follicular wave
diestrus
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Summary:Eight non-bred, non-pregnant, regularly cycling Caribbean jennies were examined daily via transrectal ultrasound to define the ovarian and uterine dynamics during four consecutive estrous cycles. Blood samples were collected every other day for progesterone analysis. The mean (±SD) overall inter-ovulatory interval across all donkeys and cycles was 22.93 ± 1.99 days. The maximum follicular diameter was 34.6 ± 2.9 mm. A two-wave pattern was evident in 97% (30/31) of the cycles. The emergence of the future dominant follicle and the largest subordinate follicle of the major primary wave coincided on Day 5.7 ± 3.6 post-ovulation, whereas the secondary wave emerged on Day 19.8 ± 2.9 during estrus of the previous cycle or early diestrus. The secondary wave was often minor (93%, 28/30 cycles). Follicular deviation occurred 8.2 ± 1.4 days before the subsequent ovulation. Luteal volume increased for the first four days after ovulation and reached a maximum volume of 8.5 ± 2.7 mm3 at Day 5.4 ± 0.4, before gradually regressing after Day 15. Serum progesterone concentration increased from Day 1 after ovulation, peaking at 27.0 ± 9.6 ng/mL between 7 and 10 days after ovulation. Progesterone concentration dropped precipitously around Day 15 after ovulation and was below 2 ng/mL around Day 17 ± 2. A day effect (p < 0.0001) was observed for corpus luteum’s volume, progesterone concentration, and uterine tone, but not for endometrial edema (p > 0.05). This study helps to clarify and define normal estrous characteristics of jennies in the Eastern Caribbean.
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ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani13010074