Jatropha Diterpenes: An Updated Review Concerning Their Structural Diversity, Therapeutic Performance, and Future Pharmaceutical Applications

Jatropha Diterpenes: An Updated Review Concerning Their Structural Diversity, Therapeutic Performance, and Future Pharmaceutical Applications

The family is a rich source of bioactive terpenoids. Among its genera, is a conspicuous producer of diterpenes and includes approximately 175 species, many of which have medicinal uses. To date, 140 diterpenes from (JTDs) have been reported. Given their structural diversity and notable biological ac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 10; p. 1399
Main Authors: Souza, Thalisson A de, Pereira, Luiz H A, Alves, Alan F, Dourado, Douglas, Lins, Jociano da S, Scotti, Marcus T, Scotti, Luciana, Abreu, Lucas S, Tavares, Josean F, Silva, Marcelo S
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19-10-2024
MDPI
Subjects:
Biological activity
Biosynthesis
Cancer
Chemistry
Chromatography
Cytochrome
Diterpenes
Drug discovery
Enzymes
Euphorbiaceae
Health aspects
low diterpenes
Materia medica, Vegetable
Metabolites
Natural products
Pharmaceutical research
Pharmaceuticals
phytochemistry
Plant extracts
Review
Software
Solvents
Brazil
cancer
low diterpenes
phytochemistry
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Summary:The family is a rich source of bioactive terpenoids. Among its genera, is a conspicuous producer of diterpenes and includes approximately 175 species, many of which have medicinal uses. To date, 140 diterpenes from (JTDs) have been reported. Given their structural diversity and notable biological activities, this work aims to highlight the pharmaceutical potential of JTDs. To achieve this goal, an extensive literature review was conducted, encompassing studies on structural elucidation through NMR and pharmacological assays, both in vitro and in vivo. Based on 132 selected papers, a thorough discussion is presented on the biosynthesis, extraction, isolation, and structural characterization of JTDs, including a compilation of their C NMR chemical shifts. The review also covers their synthetic production and biological effects. Additionally, an in silico analysis predicting the drug-likeness of 141 JTDs was carried out. Notably, the occurrence of macrocyclic diterpenes has doubled in the past decade, and the summary of their NMR data provides a useful resource for future research. Furthermore, 21 distinct pharmacological activities were identified, with potent cytotoxic effects targeting new molecular pathways being particularly significant. Recent advances highlight the contributions of modern approaches in organic synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of natural products. The drug-likeness analysis identified JTD classes and compounds with favorable physicochemical and ADMET features for pharmaceutical development. In light of these findings, the use of nanotechnology is proposed as a future direction for continued research on JTDs, a fascinating class of natural compounds. This work opens up new avenues for the study of species, particularly the genus and its bioactive compounds.
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ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph17101399