Assessment of the potential genotoxic risk of Phyllantus orbicularis HBK aqueous extract using in vitro and in vivo assays

Phyllanthus orbicularis HBK is an endemic Cuban plant whose aqueous extract has been proposed as an effective drug for the treatment of viral diseases. In addition, antimutagenic properties of this extract have also been reported. In the present study, the genotoxicity of this plant extract was asse...

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Published in:	Toxicology letters Vol. 136; no. 2; pp. 87 - 96
Main Authors:	Sánchez-Lamar, Angel, Fuentes, Jorge Luı́s, Fonseca, Gladys, Cápiro, Nancy, Ferrer, Mirle, Alonzo, Alena, Baluja, Ligia, Cozzi, Renata, De Salvia, Rosella, Fiore, Mario, Llagostera, Montserrat
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 15-12-2002 Amsterdam Elsevier Science
Subjects:	Anaphase - drug effects Animals Biological and medical sciences CHO Cells Chromosome Aberrations - drug effects Cricetinae DNA - analysis DNA Damage - drug effects DNA Damage - genetics Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drosophila melanogaster - drug effects Drosophila melanogaster - genetics Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment Escherichia coli - drug effects Escherichia coli - genetics Female Genotoxicity In vitro and in vivo assays Medical sciences Miscellaneous (drug allergy, mutagens, teratogens...) Mutagenicity Tests Mutation - drug effects Mutation - genetics Pharmacology. Drug treatments Phyllanthus - toxicity Phyllanthus orbicularis Plant Extracts - toxicity Saccharomyces cerevisiae - drug effects Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics Salmonella typhimurium - drug effects Salmonella typhimurium - genetics SOS Response (Genetics) - drug effects SOS Response (Genetics) - genetics Central America Cuba America West Indies In vitro and in vivo assays Genotoxicity Phyllanthus orbicularis In vivo Folk medicine Pharmacognosy Mutagenicity testing Toxicity Dicotyledones DNA Angiospermae Euphorbiaceae Spermatophyta In vitro Medicinal plant
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Summary:	Phyllanthus orbicularis HBK is an endemic Cuban plant whose aqueous extract has been proposed as an effective drug for the treatment of viral diseases. In addition, antimutagenic properties of this extract have also been reported. In the present study, the genotoxicity of this plant extract was assessed using different in vitro and in vivo assays. Results from SOS gene induction, gene reversion and conversion, and SMART assays clearly show that P. orbicularis aqueous extract does not induce either primary DNA damage or mutation. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found in the percentage of chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells treated with the plant extract. On the contrary, micronuclei and abnormal anaphase were induced by this extract in CHO cells. This genotoxic effect was related to a high cytotoxicity. Single spots were detected in the SMART assay. These results point to a possible aneugenic effect of the P. orbicularis aqueous extract at cytotoxic doses which are much higher than those seen by their antiviral and antimutagenic activities.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0378-4274 1879-3169
DOI:	10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00255-2