Morphological and genetic characterization of bloom‐forming Raphidophyceae from Brazilian coast

Morphological and genetic characterization of bloom‐forming Raphidophyceae from Brazilian coast

SUMMARY Massive fish kills caused by bloom‐forming species of the Raphidophyceae occur in many marine coastal areas and often cause significant economic losses. The ultrastructure and phylogeny of marine raphidophytes from the Brazilian coast have not been fully analyzed. Here, we present the first...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Phycological research Vol. 67; no. 4; pp. 279 - 290
Main Authors: Branco, Suema, Almeida, Lidiane L., Alves‐de‐Souza, Catharina, Oliveira, Mair M.M., Proença, Luis A.O., Menezes, Mariângela
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Kyoto, Japan John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 01-10-2019
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:
Algae
Biodiversity
Cell size
Chattonella
Chattonella subsalsa
Chloroplasts
Chodatella subsalsa
Coastal zone
DNA
Economic impact
Economics
Fibrocapsa
Fibrocapsa japonica
Fish
Gene sequencing
Heterosigma
LSU rDNA
Mass mortality
Microbiological strains
Morphology
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Plankton blooms
Raphidophyceae
Sequencing
Species
Thylakoids
Ultrastructure
Brazil
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Summary:SUMMARY Massive fish kills caused by bloom‐forming species of the Raphidophyceae occur in many marine coastal areas and often cause significant economic losses. The ultrastructure and phylogeny of marine raphidophytes from the Brazilian coast have not been fully analyzed. Here, we present the first combined morphological and genetic characterization of raphidophyte strains from the Brazilian coast. Ten strains of four raphidophyte species (Chattonella subsalsa, C. antiqua, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Fibrocapsa japonica) were characterized based on morphology (including ultrastructure) and LSU rDNA sequences. Chattonella subsalsa and C. antiqua formed two distinct genetic clades. We found that the cell size is the only phenotypic feature separating C. subsalsa and C. antiqua strains from Brazil, whereas traditional characteristics used for species separation in the genus Chattonella (i.e., tail size, chloroplast presence in the tail, ‘oboe‐shaped’ mucocysts, and presence of thylakoids in the pyrenoid matrix) were not sufficiently discriminative, due to their overlapping in the two taxa. The phylogenetic analysis indicated intra‐specific geographic differences among C. subsalsa sequences, with two subclades: one formed by isolates from Brazil, USA, and Iran, and another by a sequence from the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Fibrocapsa japonica also showed intra‐specific geographic differences, with a sequence from a Brazilian strain grouped with strains from Japan, Australia, and Germany, all of them distinct from the Italian isolates. This is the first combined morphological and phylogenetic analysis of raphidophytes from the South Atlantic. Our findings broaden knowledge of the biodiversity of this important bloom‐forming algal group.
ISSN:1322-0829
1440-1835
DOI:10.1111/pre.12377