Novel Streptococcus equi strains causing strangles outbreaks in Arabian horses in Egypt

Strangles displays a major challenge to veterinary medicine worldwide. However, no data on Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) M protein alleles have been reported so far from Arabian horses. We report here for the first time the S. equi SeM alleles causing strangles in Arabian horses, and the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Transboundary and emerging diseases Vol. 67; no. 6; pp. 2455 - 2466
Main Authors:	Tartor, Yasmine H., EL‐Naenaeey, El‐Sayed Y., Gharieb, Nesreen M., Ali, Wessam S., Ammar, Ahmed M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Germany Hindawi Limited 01-11-2020
Subjects:	Alleles Animals Antigens, Bacterial - genetics Arabian horses Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins - genetics Carrier Proteins - genetics Disease Outbreaks - veterinary Egypt - epidemiology Gene sequencing Genetic Variation Genotyping Techniques - veterinary Horse Diseases - epidemiology Horse Diseases - microbiology Horse Diseases - prevention & control Horses M protein multiplex PCR Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary Multiplexing Outbreaks Phylogeny Polymerase chain reaction Risk analysis Risk Factors Seasonal variations SeM typing Sequence Analysis, DNA - veterinary Strangles Streptococcal Infections - epidemiology Streptococcal Infections - microbiology Streptococcal Infections - prevention & control Streptococcal Infections - veterinary Streptococcus - genetics Streptococcus - immunology Streptococcus - isolation & purification Streptococcus equi Streptococcus equi - genetics Streptococcus equi - immunology Streptococcus equi - isolation & purification Streptokinase Superantigens Superantigens - genetics Typing Veterinary medicine Egypt multiplex PCR strangles risk factors Arabian horses superantigens Streptococcus equi SeM typing
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Summary:	Strangles displays a major challenge to veterinary medicine worldwide. However, no data on Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) M protein alleles have been reported so far from Arabian horses. We report here for the first time the S. equi SeM alleles causing strangles in Arabian horses, and the associated risk factors for the disease. Duplicate samples from one hundred Arabian horses with acute strangles in confirmed outbreaks and sporadic cases were analysed by phenotypic methods and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting streptokinase precursor, seeI and sodA genes. PCR and sequencing of S. equi SeM gene were employed for strains typing, and the four superantigens were determined among the allelic variants. Direct‐sample PCR confirmed and highly positively correlated (r = .85) with the phenotypic results, and detected S. equi in five samples more than the conventional culture. A combination of multiplex PCR from samples and culture could successfully identify S. equi (92%), S. zooepidemicus (5%) and S. equisimilis (3%). SeM typing demonstrated five SeM alleles, including four previously unidentified alleles that were deposited in the PubMLST‐SeM database. SeM‐139 and SeM‐141 are related to some strains that were recently recovered from donkeys in China. SeM‐140 and SeM‐199 are related to a group of alleles from horses in Europe. Variation in the presence of seeM, seeH and seeL superantigens was found across the four novel alleles without interference with the severity of strangles and clinical presentation seen in different outbreaks. Horse age was the most important factor in developing strangles, followed by seasonality and the diagnosis of strangles in the previous year. These new findings comprise a significant contribution to the horse industry through the identification of novel S. equi SeM types that may bolster measures for strangles control as the identified SeM alleles will certainly help in the development of SeM‐containing vaccine.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1865-1674 1865-1682
DOI:	10.1111/tbed.13584