Antigenic and Genetic Diversity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Isolated in Egypt

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) has diverged antigenically and genetically since its initial detection in Asia in 1997. Viruses belonging to clade 2.2 in particular have been reported in numerous countries with the majority occurring in Egypt. Previous reports identified antigenic s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Avian diseases Vol. 54; no. s1; pp. 329 - 334
Main Authors:	Balish, Amanda L, Davis, C. Todd, Saad, Magdi D, El-Sayed, Nasr, Esmat, Hala, Tjaden, Jeffrey A, Earhart, Kenneth C, Ahmed, Lu'ay E, El-Halem, Mohamed Abd, Ali, Abdel Hakem M, Nassif, Samir A, El-Ebiary, Elham A, Taha, M, Mona, M. Aly, Arafa, Abdelstattar, O'Neill, Eduardo, Xiyan, Xu, Cox, Nancy J, Donis, Ruben O, Klimov, Alexander I
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Association of Avian Pathologists 01-03-2010
Subjects:	amino acid sequences Amino acid substitution Amino acids Animal genetics Animals Antigenic Variation clade 2.2 Conventional and Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Influenza in Poultry Disease outbreaks disease surveillance Egypt Egypt - epidemiology Evolutionary genetics Ferrets Fowl plague Genetic analysis Genetic diversity genetic variation geographical variation H5N1 H5N1 subtype influenza A virus Hemagglutinins highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 host range hosts HPAI Humans Influenza A virus Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - classification Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - genetics Influenza in Birds - epidemiology Influenza in Birds - virology Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - virology Medical genetics microbial genetics molecular sequence data nucleotide sequences Nucleotides pandemic pathogenicity Phylogeny Poultry serotypes strains Vaccination vaccine Vaccines vertebrate viruses Viruses Egypt
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Summary:	Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) has diverged antigenically and genetically since its initial detection in Asia in 1997. Viruses belonging to clade 2.2 in particular have been reported in numerous countries with the majority occurring in Egypt. Previous reports identified antigenic similarities between viruses belonging to clade 2.2. However, poultry and human viruses isolated in northern Egypt during 2007 and 2008 were found to be antigenically distinct from other clade 2.2 viruses from this country. Genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin revealed a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid divergence. The antigenic changes in Egyptian viruses isolated during 2007–08 necessitated that two of these strains be considered as potential H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccine candidates.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/8903-042909-Reg.1 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0005-2086 1938-4351
DOI:	10.1637/8903-042909-reg.1