Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial meningitis among hospitalized patients at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: a six-year retrospective study

Introduction Bacterial meningitis poses significant medical challenges due to its acute inflammatory nature and potential for severe neurological complications, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Limited data exists on its epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends among...

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Published in:	European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases Vol. 43; no. 7; pp. 1383 - 1392
Main Authors:	Alhazmi, Abdulaziz H., Alameer, Khalid M., Abuageelah, Bandar M., Gharawi, Amal Yahya, Hakami, Ehab Farouq, Zogel, Taif Ali, Almalki, Abdullah Jaber, Magrashi, Ebhar Gubran, Alharbi, Wafa Ali, Manni, Ramis Mohammed, Buayti, Atheer Ali, Alharbi, Ahmad A., Dhayhi, Nabil S., Haddad, Moayad
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-07-2024 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antimicrobial agents Antimicrobial resistance Bacteria Bacteria - classification Bacteria - drug effects Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - isolation & purification Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cerebrospinal fluid Child Child, Preschool Cross Infection - drug therapy Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - microbiology Data analysis Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial Epidemiology Female Hospitalization Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Hospitals Humans Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Internal Medicine Male Medical Microbiology Meningitis Meningitis, Bacterial - drug therapy Meningitis, Bacterial - epidemiology Meningitis, Bacterial - microbiology Microbial Sensitivity Tests Middle Aged Neonates Neurological complications Nosocomial infection Patients Pseudomonas aeruginosa - drug effects Pseudomonas aeruginosa - isolation & purification Public health Resistance factors Retrospective Studies Risk groups Saudi Arabia - epidemiology Seasonal variations Tertiary Care Centers - statistics & numerical data Young Adult β Lactamase Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Bacterial meningitis Antimicrobial resistance Nosocomial infections Gram-negative
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Summary:	Introduction Bacterial meningitis poses significant medical challenges due to its acute inflammatory nature and potential for severe neurological complications, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Limited data exists on its epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate these factors at a tertiary care hospital over six years. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on cerebrospinal fluid samples results from 222 bacterial meningitis cases among hospitalized patients between 2018 and 2023. Demographic, clinical, microbiological data, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns were collected and analyzed. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa (43%) was the predominant pathogen isolated. Neonates (16%) and children (47%) were most affected population. Nosocomial meningitis accounted for 92% of cases, mainly in the intensive care settings (50.45%). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was the leading resistance pattern (12.2%). Seasonal variation was observed, with a peak incidence in October-November. Conclusion The study highlights the substantial burden of bacterial meningitis among hospitalized patients, especially among high-risk groups. Emerging antimicrobial resistance emphasizes the need for optimized surveillance and stewardship. Future prospective research employing molecular techniques across multiple centers in the country is warranted to enhance understanding and guide public health strategies in Saudi Arabia.
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ISSN:	0934-9723 1435-4373 1435-4373
DOI:	10.1007/s10096-024-04835-6