The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle Irregularities and COVID-19 Vaccination

The Relationship Between Menstrual Cycle Irregularities and COVID-19 Vaccination

Background After COVID-19 vaccination, females reported irregularities and changes in their menstrual cycle. We aimed to explore the menstrual irregularities following COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi women of childbearing age. Methodology The study was a cross-sectional study conducted among women in...

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Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 15; no. 12; p. e49841
Main Authors: Aljehani, Ala M, Banjar, Shaima A, Alawam, Hadil Sultan, Alowais, Shams, Aldraibi, Yara, BinSaif, Asayel, Alasiri, Glowi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Cureus Inc 02-12-2023
Cureus
Subjects:
Birth control
COVID-19 vaccines
Divorce
Drug dosages
Family/General Practice
Females
Immunization
Menstruation
Obstetrics/Gynecology
Public Health
Questionnaires
Womens health
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh Saudi Arabia
covid-19
menstrual irregularities
dysmenorrhea
vaccines
menstrual cycle
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Summary:Background After COVID-19 vaccination, females reported irregularities and changes in their menstrual cycle. We aimed to explore the menstrual irregularities following COVID-19 vaccination in Saudi women of childbearing age. Methodology The study was a cross-sectional study conducted among women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who had no history of menstrual irregularities before receiving the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The participants filled out an online self-administered questionnaire via Google Form about any menstrual irregularities they experienced after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Results A total of 535 participants completed the survey. The study found that 41.7% (223) of women experienced menstrual changes after the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, increasing to 44.1% (236) after the second dose. The incidence of these changes varied between the first and second doses. For example, the incidence of changes in period duration decreased from 51.6% to 48.3% after the first and second doses, respectively. Similarly, the incidence of delayed periods decreased from 48.4% to 47.9%, while dysmenorrhea increased slightly from 30.9% to 32.2% after the two doses. The incidence of heavier menstrual flow increased from 26.9% to 30.5%, while the incidence of lighter menstrual flow decreased from 26.9% to 24.6% after the first and second doses, respectively. Conclusions There is an increased incidence of changes in menstrual cycle after COVID-19 vaccination, particularly in menstrual cycle length, menstrual pain, and the flow of menstruation. Future studies are needed to investigate the potential underlying biological mechanisms.
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ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.49841