Innate immune recognition of, and response to, Clostridium sordellii

Clostridium sordellii, an anaerobic pathogen, has recently been associated with rapidly fatal infections following medically induced abortions and injecting drug use. Patients with C. sordellii infection display few signs of inflammation such as fever, or redness and pain at the site of infection. W...

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Published in:	Anaerobe Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 125 - 130
Main Authors:	Aldape, M.J., Bryant, A.E., Katahira, E.J., Hajjar, A.M., Finegold, S.M., Ma, Y., Stevens, D.L.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-04-2010
Subjects:	Abortion Biological Assay Cell Line Clostridium Infections - immunology Clostridium Infections - microbiology Clostridium Infections - pathology Clostridium sordellii Clostridium sordellii - immunology Clostridium sordellii - isolation & purification Cytokines - secretion Genes, Reporter Humans Immunity, Innate Innate immune system Luciferases - genetics Luciferases - metabolism Monocytes - immunology Monocytes - microbiology Toll-like receptors Toll-Like Receptors - immunology Toll-like receptors Clostridium sordellii Innate immune system
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Summary:	Clostridium sordellii, an anaerobic pathogen, has recently been associated with rapidly fatal infections following medically induced abortions and injecting drug use. Patients with C. sordellii infection display few signs of inflammation such as fever, or redness and pain at the site of infection. We hypothesized that this could be due to reduced recognition of the organism by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system. An ELAM-NF-κB luciferase reporter system in TLR-transfected HEK cells was used to measure TLR-dependent recognition of washed, heat-killed C. sordellii and other pathogenic clostridial species. Results demonstrated that all clostridia were well recognized by TLR2 alone and that responses were greatest when TLR2 was co-expressed with TLR6. Further, isolated human monocytes produced the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and the immunoregulator IL-10 in response to C. sordellii. In addition, C. sordellii-stimulated monocytes produced 30% less TNFα following treatment with an anti-TLR2 blocking antibody. These data demonstrate that innate immune recognition of, and response to, cell-associated components of C. sordellii and other clostridial pathogens are mediated by TLR2 in combination with TLR6. We conclude that the characteristic absence of inflammatory signs and symptoms in C. sordellii infection is not related to inadequate immune detection of the organism, but rather is attributable to a species-specific immune system dysfunction that remains to be elucidated.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	1075-9964 1095-8274
DOI:	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2009.06.004