Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances Associated With the COVID-19 Outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances Associated With the COVID-19 Outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background COVID-19 became a global respiratory pandemic as it disrupted millions of lives and commerce. The implementation of strict lockdown measures to confine the outbreak can negatively affect people's overall sleep quality and mental health. We aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep dist...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 14; no. 5; p. e24838
Main Authors: Alkahtani, Rahaf F, Alomar, Abdulrahman A, Alkanhal, Abdulrahman F, Alhinti, Mohammad F, Alatoui, Shahad E, Alrashidi, Rinad R, Saleh, Ahmad
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Cureus Inc 09-05-2022
Cureus
Subjects:
Anxiety
Coronaviruses
COVID-19 vaccines
Infectious Disease
Internal Medicine
Mental depression
Pandemics
Psychiatry
Sociodemographics
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh Saudi Arabia
China
anxiety
anxiety scale
covid-19
insomnia scale
depression
pandemic
insomnia
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Summary:Background COVID-19 became a global respiratory pandemic as it disrupted millions of lives and commerce. The implementation of strict lockdown measures to confine the outbreak can negatively affect people's overall sleep quality and mental health. We aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance and the psychological impact associated with the spread of COVID-19 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.  Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A nationally online questionnaire was sent to participants aged >18 years to assess their socio-demographic information, assessment of psychological status by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and assessment of sleep disturbance by Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scales.  Results The total sample consisted of 399 participants. The mean age was 34.70 ± 12.57 years; predominant responses were from females (69.4%). The study sample was mostly made up of students (32.1%), and more than half of the participants (52.6%) were married. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia was 38.6%, 33.1%, and 54.9%, respectively. Participants with comorbidities were significantly at higher risk of having symptoms of depression in comparison to subjects free from chronic diseases (OR=2.19 95% Cl: 1.24-3.86, p=001).  Conclusion These findings suggest that the prevalence of poor sleep quality and worsening mental health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was high during the COVID-19 lockdown, which articulates the requirement for raising the awareness, screening, and management of worsening sleep quality and mental health due to the unwholesome effect they may have on the individual's health.
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ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.24838