Alcohol and dietary factors associate with gut integrity and inflammation in HIV‐infected adults

Objectives HIV‐infected adults have heightened monocyte activation and inflammation, at least partially as a consequence of altered gut integrity. The role of dietary factors in microbial translocation and inflammation and their downstream effect on markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not b...

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Published in:	HIV medicine Vol. 18; no. 6; pp. 402 - 411
Main Authors:	Webel, AR, Sattar, A, Funderburg, NT, Kinley, B, Longenecker, CT, Labbato, D, Alam, SM Khurshid, McComsey, GA
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-07-2017
Subjects:	Activation analysis Adult Adults Alcohol Alcohol Drinking - adverse effects Alcohols Anticholesteremic Agents - therapeutic use Antiretroviral drugs Arteriosclerosis Biomarkers Biomarkers - blood Calcification (ectopic) Calcium Carbohydrates Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - blood Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control Cell activation Coronary artery Diet Diet - adverse effects Dietary intake Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Female Health risk assessment HIV HIV Infections - complications HIV Infections - drug therapy Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Inflammation Inflammation - blood Inflammation - chemically induced Integrity Longitudinal Studies Male Microorganisms Middle Aged Monocytes Risk Factors Rosuvastatin Calcium - therapeutic use Secondary analysis Translocation Ultrasound Cardiovascular Disease Alcohol Diet HIV
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Summary:	Objectives HIV‐infected adults have heightened monocyte activation and inflammation, at least partially as a consequence of altered gut integrity. The role of dietary factors in microbial translocation and inflammation and their downstream effect on markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been explored. Our purpose was to describe the longitudinal dietary patterns of HIV‐infected adults, and to examine the relationship between dietary intake, gut integrity, inflammation and subclinical markers of CVD in HIV‐infected adults. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of 147 HIV‐infected participants in a 96‐week randomized clinical trial of rosuvastatin as primary CVD prevention. Dietary intake was assessed using dietary recall; plasma gut integrity, monocyte activation and inflammation markers were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and CVD risk was assessed using carotid ultrasound and the coronary artery calcium score. Linear mixed models were used to analyse longitudinally measured biomarkers. Results The median age was 45 years and 78% of patients were male. At baseline, participants consumed a mean (standard deviation) of 108 (70) g of fat daily, 19 (15.6) g of fibre, 266 (186) g of carbohydrates and 15.6 (5.9) g of protein; 45% of the sample consumed alcohol. Over time, alcohol consumption was associated with several markers of gut integrity and inflammation (all P < 0.05). Conclusions HIV‐infected adults in a contemporary, high‐resource setting have poor dietary patterns. Alcohol use was associated with worse gut integrity and increased inflammation, while other aspects of diet (fibre, carbohydrates and fat) were not. These data add to growing evidence illustrating the need for a better understanding of the effect of lifestyle factors on comorbidities in HIV‐infected adults.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-News-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1464-2662 1468-1293
DOI:	10.1111/hiv.12442