Spinal cord regeneration by modulating bone marrow with neurotransmitters and Citicholine: Analysis at micromolecular level

Spinal cord regeneration by modulating bone marrow with neurotransmitters and Citicholine: Analysis at micromolecular level

Spinal cord injury results in disruption of brain-spinal cord fibre connectivity, leading to progressive tissue damage at the site of injury and resultant paralysis of varying degrees. The current study investigated the role of autologous bone marrow modulated with neurotransmitters and neurotransmi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical Journal Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 94 - 100
Main Authors: Paulose, Cheramadathukudiyil Skaria, John, Ponnezhathu Sebastian, Chinthu, Romeo, Akhilraj, Puthenveetil Raju, Anju, Thoppil Raveendran
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Limited 01-04-2017
Chang Gung University
Elsevier
Subjects:
Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic)
Animals
Autografts
Bone growth
Bone marrow
Bone Marrow - drug effects
Bone marrow cells
Brain damage
Brain research
Cell growth
Cell Movement - drug effects
Cholinergic transmission
Cytidine Diphosphate Choline - pharmacology
Disruption
Experiments
Gene expression
Injuries
Injury analysis
Locomotor activity
Male
Muscarinic receptor
Muscle contraction
Nervous system
Neural networks
Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism
Neurotransmitters
Original
Paralysis
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Recovery of Function - drug effects
Regeneration
Rodents
Scatchard analysis
Serotonin
Spinal cord injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries - drug therapy
Spinal cord injury
Spinal Cord Regeneration - drug effects
Spinal Cord Regeneration - physiology
Stem cells
Studies
Synaptic plasticity
γ-Aminobutyric acid
Neurotransmitters
Muscarinic receptor
Bone marrow cells
Spinal cord injury
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Summary:Spinal cord injury results in disruption of brain-spinal cord fibre connectivity, leading to progressive tissue damage at the site of injury and resultant paralysis of varying degrees. The current study investigated the role of autologous bone marrow modulated with neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter stimulating agent, Citicholine, in spinal cord of spinal cord injured rats. Radioreceptor assay using [3H] ligand was carried out to quantify muscarinic receptor. Gene expression studies were done using Real Time PCR analysis. Scatchard analysis of muscarinic M1 receptor showed significantly decreased B (p < 0.001) and K (p < 0.01) compared to control and significant reversal (p < 0.001) in both the treatment groups (spinal cord injury treated with 5HT and GABA, and spinal cord injury treated with Citicholine). Muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression in spinal cord injured group showed significant down regulation (p < 0.001) compared to control, and both the treatment groups significantly reversed (p < 0.001) these changes to near control when compared to spinal cord injured group. The confocal microscopic study using specific antibody of muscarinic M1 confirmed the gene expression studies. Thus our results suggest that the neurotransmitters combination along with bone marrow or Citicholine with bone marrow can reverse the muscarinic receptor alterations in the spinal cord of spinal cord injured rats, which is a promising step towards a better therapeutic intervention for spinal cord injury because of the positive role of cholinergic system in regulation of both locomotor activity and synaptic plasticity.
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ISSN:2319-4170
2320-2890
DOI:10.1016/j.bj.2016.11.006