Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Infection in Nigeria: A National Survey

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for about 1 million deaths worldwide annually. This study was to determine the prevalence, distribution of HBV, and factors associated with infection in an apparently healthy population in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study among the general population was co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 95; no. 4; pp. 902 - 907
Main Authors: Olayinka, Adebola T, Oyemakinde, Akin, Balogun, Muhammad S, Ajudua, Anthonia, Nguku, Patrick, Aderinola, Moses, Egwuenu-Oladejo, Abiodun, Ajisegiri, Simeon W, Sha'aibu, Samuel, Musa, Bolanle O P, Gidado, Saheed, Nasidi, Abdulsalami
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 05-10-2016
Subjects:
Acute Disease
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Blood Transfusion - statistics & numerical data
Child
Circumcision, Male - statistics & numerical data
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dental Care - statistics & numerical data
Female
Hepatitis B - epidemiology
Hepatitis B - immunology
Hepatitis B - prevention & control
Hepatitis B Antibodies - immunology
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology
Hepatitis B Vaccines - therapeutic use
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B, Chronic - epidemiology
Hepatitis B, Chronic - immunology
Hepatitis B, Chronic - prevention & control
Humans
Logistic Models
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Nigeria - epidemiology
Odds Ratio
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Uvula - surgery
Young Adult
Nigeria
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Summary:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accounts for about 1 million deaths worldwide annually. This study was to determine the prevalence, distribution of HBV, and factors associated with infection in an apparently healthy population in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study among the general population was conducted employing a multistage sampling technique. Data on demographic, social, and behavioral indicators were collected using questionnaires and blood samples tested for HBV seromarkers. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were done. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection was 12.2% (confidence interval [CI] = 10.3-14.5). Of the participants, more than half, 527 (54.6%), had evidence of previous exposure to HBV, while 306 (31.7%) showed no serologic evidence of infection or vaccination. Only 76 (7.9%) participants showed serologic evidence of immunity to HBV through vaccination. Factors associated with testing positive for HBV infection were dental procedure outside the health facility (odds ratios [OR] = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.52-7.70), local circumcision (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.17-2.57), and uvulectomy (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.06-2.57). With logistic regression, only dental procedure outside the health facility (adjusted OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.38-7.97) remained significant. This first national survey on seroprevalence of hepatitis B describes the epidemiology and high prevalence of HBV infection in Nigeria and highlights the need for improved vaccination against HBV.
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ISSN:0002-9637
1476-1645
DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0874