Conditional cash transfer schemes in Nigeria: potential gains for maternal and child health service uptake in a national pilot programme

This paper describes use of a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programme to encourage use of critical MNCH services among rural women in Nigeria. The CCT programme was first implemented as a pilot in 37 primary health care facilities (PHCs), in nine Nigerian states. The programme entitles women using...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC pregnancy and childbirth Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 408
Main Authors:	Okoli, Ugo, Morris, Laura, Oshin, Adetokunbo, Pate, Muhammad A, Aigbe, Chidimma, Muhammad, Ado
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central 12-12-2014
Subjects:	Child Health Services - economics Delivery, Obstetric Female Health care Health facilities Humans Infant, Newborn Interrupted Time Series Analysis Intervention Maternal & child health Maternal Death - prevention & control Maternal Health Services - economics Midwifery Mortality Nigeria Patient Acceptance of Health Care Perinatal Death - prevention & control Pilot Projects Pregnancy Prenatal care Prenatal Care - utilization Primary care Program Evaluation Regression Analysis Reimbursement, Incentive Rural areas Rural Health - statistics & numerical data Subsidies Womens health Nigeria Africa
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Summary:	This paper describes use of a Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programme to encourage use of critical MNCH services among rural women in Nigeria. The CCT programme was first implemented as a pilot in 37 primary health care facilities (PHCs), in nine Nigerian states. The programme entitles women using these facilities up to N5,000 (approximately US$30) if they attend antenatal care (ANC), skilled delivery, and postnatal care. There are 88 other PHCs from these nine states included in this study, which implemented a standard package of supply upgrades without the CCT. Data on monthly service uptake throughout the continuum of care was collected at 124 facilities during quarterly monitoring visits. An interrupted time series using segmented linear regression was applied to estimate separately the effects of the CCT programme and supply package on service uptake. From April 2013-March 2014, 20,133 women enrolled in the CCT. Sixty-four percent of beneficiaries returned at least once after registration, and 80% of women delivering with skilled attendance returned after delivery. The CCT intervention is associated with a statistically significant increase in the monthly number of women attending four or more ANC visits (increase of 15.12 visits per 100,000 catchment population, p < 0.01; 95% confidence interval 7.38 to 22.85), despite a negative level effect immediately after the intervention began (-45.53/100,000 catchment population; p < 0.05; 95% CI -82.71 to -8.36). A statistically significant increase was also observed in the monthly number of women receiving two or more Tetanus toxoid doses during pregnancy (21.65/100,000 catchment population; p < 0.01; 95% CI 9.23 to 34.08). Changes for other outcomes with the CCT intervention (number of women attending first ANC visit; number of deliveries with skilled attendance; number of neonates receiving OPV at birth) were not found to be statistically significant. The results show that the CCT intervention is capable of significant effects on service uptake, although results for several outcomes of interest were inconclusive. Key lessons learnt from the pilot phase of implementation include a need to track beneficiary retention throughout the continuum of care as closely as possible, and avert loss to follow-up.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1471-2393 1471-2393
DOI:	10.1186/s12884-014-0408-9