Which source and level of dietary sodium is appropriate for broiler chickens reared in a high‐altitude area?

This study investigated effect of increasing level of dietary sodium using sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride on growth performance, mortality, characteristics of carcass, organs and tibia, calcium and phosphorus of serum in broilers reared in a high‐altitude area (1,700 m above sea level). A tot...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition Vol. 103; no. 4; pp. 1090 - 1098
Main Authors:	Taheri, Hamid Reza, Nasiri, Hadi, Ahmadkhani, Rasoul
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-07-2019
Subjects:	Abdominal Fat - anatomy & histology Abdominal Fat - drug effects Altitude Animal Feed - analysis Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Animals Ascites Birds Bone Density - drug effects broiler chicken Calcium Calcium (blood) Chickens Chicks Chloride Conversion ratio Diet Diet - veterinary Feed conversion Heart Heart - anatomy & histology Heart - drug effects high‐altitude Intestines - anatomy & histology Intestines - drug effects Juveniles Liver - anatomy & histology Liver - drug effects Male Mortality Organ Size Organs Pancreas - anatomy & histology Pancreas - drug effects Phosphorus Poultry Sea level Sodium Sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate - administration & dosage Sodium chloride Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage Survivability Tibia Ventricle high-altitude ascites sodium bicarbonate broiler chicken sodium chloride
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Summary:	This study investigated effect of increasing level of dietary sodium using sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride on growth performance, mortality, characteristics of carcass, organs and tibia, calcium and phosphorus of serum in broilers reared in a high‐altitude area (1,700 m above sea level). A total of 588 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in seven treatments, six replicates per treatment of 14 birds per each from 1 to 38 d of age. Seven dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride), top‐dressed for six diets to give three supplementary levels of sodium (0.07%, 0.14% and 0.21%) from sodium bicarbonate (respectively by 0.26%, 0.52% and 0.78%) or sodium chloride (respectively by 0.18%, 0.36% and 0.54%), resulting in seven diets with total sodium and chloride levels of 0.16% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.23%, 0.30% and 0.23%, 0.37% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.33%, 0.30% and 0.44%, 0.37% and 0.55% respectively. Increasing sodium level improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly and quadratically. However, when FCR was calculated without adjusting for feed intake of mortalities, the enhanced sodium level did not improve this parameter. Increasing sodium level via sodium chloride enhanced ascites mortality, total mortality, relative weight of heart and right ventricle linearly. Increasing sodium level reduced serum calcium and enhanced serum phosphorus linearly; however, there was a linear tendency to increase tibia ash when sodium level was enhanced by sodium bicarbonate (p = 0.08) or sodium chloride (p = 0.07). Increasing sodium level via sodium bicarbonate tended (p = 0.08) to reduce tibia strength linearly. In conclusion, a diet with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride is enough for broiler chicken reared in a high‐altitude area, and increasing dietary sodium level via sodium chloride has detrimental effect on survivability of broiler in such condition.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Undefined-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0931-2439 1439-0396
DOI:	10.1111/jpn.13096