Xylopia aethiopica suppresses markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death in the brain of Wistar rats exposed to glyphosate

The herbicide “Roundup” is used extensively in agriculture to control weeds. However, by translocation, it can be deposited in plants, their proceeds, and the soil, thus provoking organ toxicities in exposed individuals. Neurotoxicity among others is one of the side effects of roundup which has led...

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Published in:	Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 30; no. 21; pp. 60946 - 60957
Main Authors:	Adewale, Omowumi Oyeronke, Adebisi, Oluwaseun Abraham, Ojurongbe, Taiwo A., Adekomi, Damilare Adedayo, Babatunde, Isaac Olawale, Adebayo, Emmanuel O.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-05-2023 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Animals Anti-inflammatory agents Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Antioxidants - pharmacology Aquatic Pollution Ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid - pharmacology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Brain C-reactive protein Caspase-3 Catalase Cell Death Cerebellum Cerebral cortex Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Food contamination Glutathione Glutathione peroxidase Glyphosate Herbicides Herbicides - toxicity Inflammation Inflammation - chemically induced Inflammation - drug therapy Interleukin 6 Interleukins Neurotoxicity Oxidative Stress p53 Protein Peroxidase Plant Extracts - pharmacology Proteins Rats Rats, Wistar Research Article Side effects Soil contamination Superoxide dismutase Translocation Vitamin C Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control Weed control Xylopia - chemistry Xylopia aethiopica Neuroprotective Neurotoxicity Inflammation Glyphosate Xylopia aethiopica
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Summary:	The herbicide “Roundup” is used extensively in agriculture to control weeds. However, by translocation, it can be deposited in plants, their proceeds, and the soil, thus provoking organ toxicities in exposed individuals. Neurotoxicity among others is one of the side effects of roundup which has led to an increasing global concern about the contamination of food by herbicides. Xylopia aethiopica is known to have medicinal properties due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is hypothesized to neutralize roundup-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-six (36) Wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were shared equally into six groups with six rats each. Glyphosate administration to three of the six groups was done orally and for 1 week. Either Xylopia aethiopica or vitamin C was co-administered to two of the three groups and also administered to two other groups and the final group served as the control. Our studies demonstrated that glyphosate administration led to a significant decrease in antioxidants such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. We also observed a significant increase in inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3, cox-2, and p53 proteins ( p < 0.05). However, Xylopia aethiopica co-administration with glyphosate was able to ameliorate the aforementioned changes when compared to the control ( p < 0.05). Degenerative changes were also observed in the cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex upon glyphosate administration. These changes were not observed in the groups treated with Xylopia aethiopica and vitamin C. Taken together, Xylopia aethiopica could possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that could be used in combating glyphosate neurotoxicity. Graphical Abstract
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1614-7499 0944-1344 1614-7499
DOI:	10.1007/s11356-023-26470-y