Association of Heart Rate Variability with Pulmonary Function Impairment and Symptomatology Post-COVID-19 Hospitalization

The persistence of symptoms beyond three months after COVID-19 infection, often referred to as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), is commonly experienced. It is hypothesized that PCC results from autonomic dysfunction with decreased vagal nerve activity, which can be indexed by low heart rate variabilit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 5; p. 2473
Main Authors:	Adang, Estelle A M C, Strous, Maud T A, van den Bergh, Joop P, Gach, Debbie, van Kampen, Vivian E M, van Zeeland, Roel E P, Barten, Dennis G, van Osch, Frits H M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 23-02-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Age autonomic dysfunction Cardiac arrhythmia Coronaviruses COVID-19 Cytokines Disease Electrocardiogram Electrocardiography Ethics Gender Health aspects Heart beat Heart Rate heart rate variability Hospitalization Hospitals Humans Impairment Infections Inflammation long COVID Lung Methods Mortality Oxygen therapy Patient Discharge Patients post-COVID-19 condition Pulmonary function tests Pulmonary functions Quality of life Regression analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vagal nerve activity Variables Netherlands COVID-19 lung function heart rate variability autonomic dysfunction post-COVID-19 condition long COVID symptomatology vagal nerve activity
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Summary:	The persistence of symptoms beyond three months after COVID-19 infection, often referred to as post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), is commonly experienced. It is hypothesized that PCC results from autonomic dysfunction with decreased vagal nerve activity, which can be indexed by low heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of this study was to assess the association of HRV upon admission with pulmonary function impairment and the number of reported symptoms beyond three months after initial hospitalization for COVID-19 between February and December 2020. Follow-up took place three to five months after discharge and included pulmonary function tests and the assessment of persistent symptoms. HRV analysis was performed on one 10 s electrocardiogram obtained upon admission. Analyses were performed using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression models. Among 171 patients who received follow-up, and with an electrocardiogram at admission, decreased diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (41%) was most frequently found. After a median of 119 days (IQR 101-141), 81% of the participants reported at least one symptom. HRV was not associated with pulmonary function impairment or persistent symptoms three to five months after hospitalization for COVID-19.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1424-8220 1424-8220
DOI:	10.3390/s23052473