Exercise increases metabolic capacity in the motor cortex and striatum, but not in the hippocampus

Acute bouts of exercise have been shown to produce transient increases in regional cerebral glucose utilization, oxygen uptake, and cerebral blood flow in motor cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not chronic exercise will cause long-term metaboli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Brain research Vol. 891; no. 1; pp. 168 - 175
Main Authors:	McCloskey, Daniel P., Adamo, David S., Anderson, Brenda J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Elsevier B.V 09-02-2001 Amsterdam Elsevier New York, NY
Subjects:	Animals Biological and medical sciences CA1 CA3 Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Cytochrome oxidase Densitometry Dentate gyrus Dorsolateral caudate Electron Transport Complex IV - analysis Electron Transport Complex IV - metabolism Electronic Data Processing Female Forelimb Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hindlimb Hippocampus - metabolism Metabolic plasticity Motor Cortex - metabolism Movement Neostriatum - metabolism Neuronal Plasticity - physiology Physical activity Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology Rats Rats, Long-Evans Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports CA1 Dentate gyrus Hindlimb Movement Physical activity CA3 Dorsolateral caudate Cytochrome oxidase Neural basis of behavior Metabolic plasticity Forelimb Physical exercise Motor pathway Rat Rodentia Central nervous system Basal ganglion Corpus striatum Metabolism Vertebrata Mammalia Motor cortex Hippocampus Brain (vertebrata)
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Summary:	Acute bouts of exercise have been shown to produce transient increases in regional cerebral glucose utilization, oxygen uptake, and cerebral blood flow in motor cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not chronic exercise will cause long-term metabolic plasticity in brain structures activated during physical activity. The activity of cytochrome oxidase (COX), is coupled to the production of ATP, and reflects long-term plasticity in metabolic capacity. The present study examined whether or not 6 months of voluntary exercise would increase COX activity in the striatum, sensorimotor cortex, and three hippocampal subfields. Five-month-old, female Long–Evans hooded rats were randomly assigned to a control or exercise condition. Exercising rats had running wheels attached to their home cages. After the training period, fresh brains were rapidly frozen and sectioned with a cryostat. COX activity was measured using COX histochemical methods and optical densitometry. Rats in the exercise condition had significantly higher optical density in the hindlimb and forelimb motor cortices (18%, P<0.01) and dorsolateral caudate putamen (17%, P<0.01), but not in the ventrolateral caudate putamen or any subfield of the hippocampus. Although exercise is believed to increase neuronal activity in the hippocampus, motor cortex and striatum, only limb representations in the motor cortex and striatum increase bioenergetic capacity after regular exercise.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0006-8993 1872-6240
DOI:	10.1016/S0006-8993(00)03200-5