Capillary blood islet autoantibody screening for identifying pre-type 1 diabetes in the general population: design and initial results of the Fr1da study

IntroductionType 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at an early presymptomatic stage by the detection of islet autoantibodies. The Fr1da study aims to assess whether early staging of type 1 diabetes (1) is feasible at a population-based level, (2) prevents severe metabolic decompensation observed at the cl...

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Published in:	BMJ open Vol. 6; no. 5; p. e011144
Main Authors:	Raab, Jennifer, Haupt, Florian, Scholz, Marlon, Matzke, Claudia, Warncke, Katharina, Lange, Karin, Assfalg, Robin, Weininger, Katharina, Wittich, Susanne, Löbner, Stephanie, Beyerlein, Andreas, Nennstiel-Ratzel, Uta, Lang, Martin, Laub, Otto, Dunstheimer, Desiree, Bonifacio, Ezio, Achenbach, Peter, Winkler, Christiane, Ziegler, Anette-G
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BMJ Publishing Group LTD 01-01-2016 BMJ Publishing Group
Subjects:	Age Antigens Autoantibodies - blood Blood Specimen Collection Capillaries Caregivers - education Child, Preschool Diabetes Diabetes and Endocrinology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood Directive Counseling Disease prevention Early Diagnosis Family medical history Female Glutamate Decarboxylase - immunology Hospitalization Humans Insulin Islets of Langerhans - immunology Male Mass Screening - methods Medical screening Metabolism Patient Education as Topic Pediatrics Population Prediabetic State - blood Prediabetic State - diagnosis Prediabetic State - psychology Preliminary Data Primary care Public health Questionnaires Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8 - immunology Research Design Stress, Psychological - blood Stress, Psychological - etiology Zinc Transporter 8 - immunology Bavaria Germany United Kingdom > UK Germany screening type 1 diabetes childhood islet autoantibodies
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Summary:	IntroductionType 1 diabetes can be diagnosed at an early presymptomatic stage by the detection of islet autoantibodies. The Fr1da study aims to assess whether early staging of type 1 diabetes (1) is feasible at a population-based level, (2) prevents severe metabolic decompensation observed at the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes and (3) reduces psychological distress through preventive teaching and care.Methods and analysisChildren aged 2–5 years in Bavaria, Germany, will be tested for the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies. Between February 2015 and December 2016, 100 000 children will be screened by primary care paediatricians. Islet autoantibodies are measured in capillary blood samples using a multiplex three-screen ELISA. Samples with ELISA results >97.5th centile are retested using reference radiobinding assays. A venous blood sample is also obtained to confirm the autoantibody status of children with at least two autoantibodies. Children with confirmed multiple islet autoantibodies are diagnosed with pre-type 1 diabetes. These children and their parents are invited to participate in an education and counselling programme at a local diabetes centre. Depression and anxiety, and burden of early diagnosis are also assessed.ResultsOf the 1027 Bavarian paediatricians, 39.3% are participating in the study. Overall, 26 760 children have been screened between February 2015 and November 2015. Capillary blood collection was sufficient in volume for islet autoantibody detection in 99.46% of the children. The remaining 0.54% had insufficient blood volume collected. Of the 26 760 capillary samples tested, 0.39% were positive for at least two islet autoantibodies.DiscussionStaging for early type 1 diabetes within a public health setting appears to be feasible. The study may set new standards for the early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and education.Ethics disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of Technische Universität München (Nr. 70/14).
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2044-6055 2044-6055
DOI:	10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011144