West Nile virus: The current situation in Egypt

West Nile virus: The current situation in Egypt

Due to climatic changes, arthropod-borne viruses have become a global health concern. In Egypt, West Nile virus (WNV) was initially detected in humans in 1950 and then in 1951, 1954, 1968, and 1989. Although WNV infection has been recorded in numerous Middle Eastern countries, its prevalence among t...

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Published in:Veterinary World Vol. 16; no. 5; pp. 1154 - 1160
Main Authors: Hassanien, Rabab T, Hussein, Heba A, Abdelmegeed, Hala K, Abdelwahed, Dina A, Khattab, Omnia M, Ali, M H, Habashi, Ahmed R, Ibraheem, Essam M, Shahein, Momtaz A, Abohatab, Eman M
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: India Veterinary World 01-05-2023
Subjects:
climatic changes
flaviviruses
seroprevalence
west nile virus
seroprevalence
flaviviruses
West Nile virus
climatic changes
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Summary:Due to climatic changes, arthropod-borne viruses have become a global health concern. In Egypt, West Nile virus (WNV) was initially detected in humans in 1950 and then in 1951, 1954, 1968, and 1989. Although WNV infection has been recorded in numerous Middle Eastern countries, its prevalence among the equine population in Egypt is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the current situation of vector-borne WNV in Egypt, estimate its seroprevalence, and assess the associated risk factors. We screened 1100 sera samples and nasal swabs from the same equids, 156 mosquito pools, and 336 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from migratory birds for WNV. The sera were investigated for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) against WNV-prE. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect WNV RNA in the nasal swab samples, mosquito pools, and migratory birds' oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. The seroprevalence showed positive IgG in sera samples collected from different districts. The data showed that horses were 1.65-fold more susceptible than donkeys, with male being 1.45 times more susceptible than females. Moreover, the tested equids samples were divided into three groups based on their age: <5 years, 5-10 years, and >10 years. The 5-10-year group was 1.1 and 1.61 times more vulnerable to infection than the <5- and >10 year groups. All the sera samples were negative for IgM. The nasal swabs from equids, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from migratory birds, and mosquito samples tested negative for WNV by molecular detection. Based on the obtained data, we recommend that effective control programs should be implemented to enable epidemiological investigations and understand the current situation of WNV in Egypt.
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Both authors contributed equally
ISSN:0972-8988
2231-0916
DOI:10.14202/vetworld.2023.1154-1160