High-density DArT-based SilicoDArT and SNP markers for genetic diversity and population structure studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important industrial and staple crop due to its high starch content, low input requirement, and resilience which makes it an ideal crop for sustainable agricultural systems and marginal lands in the tropics. However, the lack of genomic information on local g...

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Published in:	PloS one Vol. 16; no. 7; p. e0255290
Main Authors:	Adu, Bright Gyamfi, Akromah, Richard, Amoah, Stephen, Nyadanu, Daniel, Yeboah, Alex, Aboagye, Lawrence Missah, Amoah, Richard Adu, Owusu, Eva Gyamfuaa
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	San Francisco Public Library of Science 27-07-2021 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Admixtures Agricultural biotechnology Agricultural research Biological diversity Biology and Life Sciences Breeding Cassava Cluster analysis Clustering Conservation Councils Crops Cultivars Ecology and Environmental Sciences Evaluation Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genetic resources Genetic testing Genetic variability Genomes Genomics Germplasm Heterosis Heterozygosity Industrial research Laboratories Manihot esculenta Marker-assisted selection Markers Morphology Platforms Population genetics Population structure Population studies Rain Reproduction (copying) Single-nucleotide polymorphism Soil sciences Starch Structural hierarchy Subpopulations Sustainable agriculture Tropical environments Ghana Australia
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Summary:	Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important industrial and staple crop due to its high starch content, low input requirement, and resilience which makes it an ideal crop for sustainable agricultural systems and marginal lands in the tropics. However, the lack of genomic information on local genetic resources has impeded efficient conservation and improvement of the crop and the exploration of its full agronomic and breeding potential. This work was carried out to obtain information on population structure and extent of genetic variability among some local landraces conserved at the Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Ghana and exotic cassava accessions with Diversity Array Technology based SilicoDArT and SNP markers to infer how the relatedness in the genetic materials can be used to enhance germplasm curation and future breeding efforts. A total of 10521 SilicoDArT and 10808 SNP markers were used with varying polymorphic information content (PIC) values. The average PIC was 0.36 and 0.28 for the SilicoDArT and SNPs respectively. Population structure and average linkage hierarchical clustering based on SNPs revealed two distinct subpopulations and a large number of admixtures. Both DArT platforms identified 22 landraces as potential duplicates based on Gower's genetic dissimilarity. The expected heterozygosity which defines the genetic variation within each subpopulation was 0.008 for subpop1 which were mainly landraces and 0.391 for subpop2 indicating the homogeneous and admixture nature of the two subpopulations. Further analysis upon removal of the duplicates increased the expected heterozygosity of subpop1 from 0.008 to 0.357. A mantel test indicated strong interdependence (r = 0.970; P < 0.001) between SilicoDArT and DArTSeq SNP genotypic data suggesting both marker platforms as a robust system for genomic studies in cassava. These findings provide important information for efficient ex-situ conservation of cassava, future heterosis breeding, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) to enhance cassava improvement.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 DN, AY, LMA, RAA and EGO also contributed equally to this work. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0255290