Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus in oral squamous cell carcinoma with or without chewing habits

Oral cancer (OC) is the most common cancer in Pakistani males and the second most common in females. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and molecular pathways. However, less data is available for this avertible cancer regarding its association wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PloS one Vol. 19; no. 5; p. e0300354
Main Authors:	Anwar, Namrah, Chundriger, Qurratulain, Awan, Sohail, Moatter, Tariq, Ali, Tazeen Saeed, Abdul Rasheed, Maria, Pervez, Shahid
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 01-05-2024 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adult Aged Antibodies Biology and Life Sciences Biopsy Cancer Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - virology Care and treatment Cell cycle Cervical cancer Chewing Complications and side effects Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 - metabolism Development and progression DNA polymerase Ethanol Female Genes Habits Health aspects Human papillomavirus Human papillomavirus 16 - genetics Human papillomavirus 16 - isolation & purification Human papillomavirus 18 - genetics Human papillomavirus 18 - isolation & purification Human Papillomavirus Viruses Humans Male Males Mastication Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mouth cancer Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology Mouth Neoplasms - virology Oral cancer Oral carcinoma Oral squamous cell carcinoma p16 Protein Pakistan - epidemiology Papillomavirus infections Papillomavirus Infections - epidemiology Papillomavirus Infections - virology Papillomaviruses Prevalence Prevention Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Risk Factors Samples Social Sciences Squamous cell carcinoma Statistical analysis Statistical tests Tumors Pakistan India Asia
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Summary:	Oral cancer (OC) is the most common cancer in Pakistani males and the second most common in females. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and molecular pathways. However, less data is available for this avertible cancer regarding its association with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and chewing habits in this region. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with p16 and chewing habits. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy specimens of 186 samples were tested for HR-HPV type 16/18 by PCR, followed by p16 immunostaining (IHC) in a subset of cases (n = 50). Appropriate statistical tests were applied to find the association between HR-HPV/p16 and peculiar chewing habits with significance criteria of p<0.05 with 95% CI. HR-HPV (type 16 &18) was present in seven out of 186 cases (3.8%). Of these seven cases, five were positive for HPV16, whereas two were positive for HPV16/18. The overall expression of p16 protein in 50 samples was 38% (n = 19), and among these 19-IHC positive samples, 26% were positive for HR-HPV DNA. No significant association was found between HR-HPV positivity and p16 and chewing habits (p>0.05). It was concluded that HR-HPV prevalence in OSCC was very low in our population, with no statistically significant correlation with p16 and chewing habits. These results suggest the role of HR-HPV as an independent risk factor in OSCC in the local setting.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0300354