SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: role of viral proteins and genomic diversity in virus infection and COVID-19 progression

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); a severe respiratory distress that has emerged from the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China during December 2019. COVID-19 is currently the major global health problem and...

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Published in:	Virology journal Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 75 - 15
Main Authors:	Hussein, Hosni A M, Thabet, Ali A, Wardany, Ahmed A, El-Adly, Ahmed M, Ali, Mohamed, Hassan, Mohamed E A, Abdeldayem, Mohamed A B, Mohamed, Abdul-Rahman M A, Sobhy, Ali, El-Mokhtar, Mohamed A, Afifi, Magdy M, Fathy, Samah M, Sultan, Serageldeen
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 27-03-2024 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Analysis Asymptomatic Biological diversity Chronic illnesses Clinical implications Cohort analysis Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Development and progression Diabetes Disease Outbreaks Disease transmission Epidemics Gene mutations Genetic aspects Genomics Hospitals Humans Hypertension Infections Influenza Liver Lungs Middle East respiratory syndrome Mutation Older people Outbreaks Pandemics Phylogeny Public health Respiratory diseases Review Ribonucleic acid RNA SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 - genetics Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Spike Protein Type 2 diabetes Vaccine development Variants Viral genetics Viral proteins Viral Proteins - genetics Virus research Viruses World health Egypt Brazil United Kingdom China United States > US COVID-19 Clinical implications Variants SARS-CoV-2 Mutation Spike Protein
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Summary:	The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); a severe respiratory distress that has emerged from the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China during December 2019. COVID-19 is currently the major global health problem and the disease has now spread to most countries in the world. COVID-19 has profoundly impacted human health and activities worldwide. Genetic mutation is one of the essential characteristics of viruses. They do so to adapt to their host or to move to another one. Viral genetic mutations have a high potentiality to impact human health as these mutations grant viruses unique unpredicted characteristics. The difficulty in predicting viral genetic mutations is a significant obstacle in the field. Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 has a variety of genetic mutations and genomic diversity with obvious clinical consequences and implications. In this review, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the currently available knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks with a fundamental focus on the role of the viral proteins and their mutations in viral infection and COVID-19 progression. We also summarized the clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 variants and how they affect the disease severity and hinder vaccine development. Finally, we provided a massive phylogenetic analysis of the spike gene of 214 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different geographical regions all over the world and their associated clinical implications.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1743-422X 1743-422X
DOI:	10.1186/s12985-024-02342-w