Plasma concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 in non-progressive HIV-1 infection correlates with markers of disease progression

•T-cell phenotypes are not restored after ART/viral suppression in HIV-1 infection.•TGF β 1 and IL-10 may explain lack of CD4+ T-cells recovery in progressive HIV-1 infection.•TGF β 1, IL-10 and Th-1 cytokines sustains CD4+ cells in non-progressive infection. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) i...

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Published in:	Cytokine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 81; pp. 109 - 116
Main Authors:	Maina, Edward K., Abana, C.Z., Bukusi, E.A., Sedegah, M., Lartey, M., Ampofo, W.K.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-05-2016
Subjects:	Adult Aged Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use CD4+ T cells CD4-CD8 Ratio CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism CD8+ T cells CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism Cross-Sectional Studies Cytokines Cytokines - blood Disease Progression Female HIV Infections - blood HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - virology HIV-1 - drug effects HIV-1 - genetics HIV-1 - physiology HIV-1 infection HIV-1 RNA Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Humans Lymphocyte Count Male Middle Aged RNA, Viral - blood RNA, Viral - genetics Th1 Cells - metabolism Th2 Cells - metabolism Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - blood Young Adult CD8+ T cells CD4+ T cells HIV-1 infection Cytokines HIV-1 RNA
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Summary:	•T-cell phenotypes are not restored after ART/viral suppression in HIV-1 infection.•TGF β 1 and IL-10 may explain lack of CD4+ T-cells recovery in progressive HIV-1 infection.•TGF β 1, IL-10 and Th-1 cytokines sustains CD4+ cells in non-progressive infection. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection shows variable rate of disease progression. The underlying biological and molecular mechanisms involved in determining progression of HIV infection are not fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine plasma concentrations of active TGF β 1, Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with non-progressive and those with progressive HIV-1 infection, as well as to determine if there is an association of these cytokines to disease progression. In a cross-sectional study of 61 HIV-1 infected individuals categorized according to disease progression as having non-progressive HIV-1 infection (n=14) and progressive infection (n=47), plasma levels of active TGF β 1, INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, IL-12p70 and IL-13 were compared with HIV uninfected healthy controls (n=12). Plasma concentration of these cytokines was measured using a highly sensitive luminex200 XMAP assay. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation of cytokines with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD4:CD8 ratio and plasma HIV-1 RNA in the different study groups. Plasma concentrations of TGF β 1 and IL-10 were significantly decreased while IL-1β, IL-12p70 and TNF-α were increased in patients with non-progressive HIV-1 infection compared to patients with progressive infection. Plasma levels of TGF β 1 and IL-10 showed an inverse correlation with CD8+ T cell counts and CD4:CD8 ratios in patients with non-progressive HIV-1 infection, while plasma HIV-1 RNA positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p70 and IL-13 positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and inversely correlated with plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD8+ T cell count and CD4:CD8 ratio in patients with non-progressive infection. The correlation of cytokines to the state of T-lymphocyte and plasma HIV-1 RNA found in this study may provide insight into the role of cytokines in both progressive and non-progressive HIV-1 infection. Additionally, these findings may have implications for systemic cytokine-based therapies in HIV-1 infection.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1043-4666 1096-0023
DOI:	10.1016/j.cyto.2016.02.009