Investigating Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Marketed Ready‐to‐Eat Small Crickets (Acheta domesticus)

The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the occurrence of transferable genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide‐lincosamide‐streptogramin B (MLSB), vancomycin, beta‐lactams, and aminoglycosides in 32 samples from eight batches of ready‐to‐eat crickets (Acheta domesticus) com...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of food science Vol. 84; no. 11; pp. 3222 - 3232
Main Authors:	Roncolini, Andrea, Cardinali, Federica, Aquilanti, Lucia, Milanović, Vesna, Garofalo, Cristiana, Sabbatini, Riccardo, Abaker, Mahasin Salih Suliman, Pandolfi, Matteo, Pasquini, Marina, Tavoletti, Stefano, Clementi, Francesca, Osimani, Andrea
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-11-2019
Subjects:	Acheta domesticus Aerobes Aminoglycosides Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antibiotic resistance Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Bacteria - drug effects Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - isolation & purification Bacteria - metabolism Commercialization Crickets Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Bacterial - genetics Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Bacterial Enumeration Erythromycin Fast Foods - economics Fast Foods - microbiology food safety food security France Genes Genes, Bacterial Gryllidae - microbiology Humans Insects Microbial Sensitivity Tests Microorganisms novel food Polymerase Chain Reaction Principal components analysis Standardization Statistical analysis Statistical methods Streptogramin B tetracycline Tetracyclines Vancomycin France food safety tetracycline novel food antibiotic resistance food security
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Summary:	The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the occurrence of transferable genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolide‐lincosamide‐streptogramin B (MLSB), vancomycin, beta‐lactams, and aminoglycosides in 32 samples from eight batches of ready‐to‐eat crickets (Acheta domesticus) commercialized by four European Union producers (two batches per producer). Bacterial DNA extracted directly from the insects was subjected to optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested‐PCR assays for the qualitative detection of 12 selected antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. Microbial enumeration demonstrated high counts of spore‐forming bacteria and total mesophilic aerobes. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between different producers and insect batches. Regarding AR genes, a high prevalence of genes conferring resistance to tetracycline [tet(M), tet(O), tet(K), tet(S)] was observed, together with the presence of genes conferring resistance to erythromycin [erm(B), erm(C)], beta‐lactams (blaZ and mecA), and aminoglycosides [aac(6’)‐Ie aph(2”)‐Ia]. We performed a principal component analysis based on the AR gene frequencies that differentiated samples of batch 1 from those of batch 2. This analysis provided evidence for a difference between the producer from France and all the other producers among the batch 1 samples. Practical application Overall, an intrabatch variation was seen in the transferable resistances among different producers. This evidence, coupled with the observed differences in the viable counts, suggests a low standardization of the production processes. Hence, a prudent use of antimicrobials during the rearing of insects destined for human consumption is strongly recommended, as well as a need for a full standardization of production technologies.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0022-1147 1750-3841
DOI:	10.1111/1750-3841.14818