Development of a novel poly bisphosphonate conjugate for treatment of skeletal metastasis and osteoporosis

Advanced stage prostate and breast cancer frequently metastasize to the skeleton (approximately 75%). An additional complication in these patients, that further affects the bones, is that their hormonal treatment, induces osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates (bpns) are standard drugs against osteoporosis a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	International journal of oncology Vol. 37; no. 3; pp. 563 - 567
Main Authors:	HOLMBERG, Anders R, LERNER, Ulf H, ALAYIA, Ayodele A, AL-MOHANNA, Mai, ADRA, Chaker, MARQUEZ, Marcela, MEURLING, Lennart, NILSSON, Sten
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Athens Editorial Academy of the International Journal of Oncology 2010
Subjects:	Animals Biological and medical sciences Bone Neoplasms - drug therapy Bone Neoplasms - secondary Bone Resorption - drug therapy Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy Breast Neoplasms - pathology Diphosphonates - chemistry Diphosphonates - pharmacology Diphosphonates - therapeutic use Diseases of the osteoarticular system Female Humans Kirurgi Male Medical sciences MEDICIN MEDICINE Mice Oncology Onkologi Osteoporosis - drug therapy Prostatic Neoplasms - drug therapy Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology Surgery Tumors Tumors of striated muscle and skeleton Urinary system disease Breast disease Prostate disease Diseases of the osteoarticular system Breast cancer Malignant tumor Bisphosphonates Mammary gland diseases Osteoporosis Bone metastasis Cancerology Treatment Skeletal metastasis poly bisphosphonate Male genital diseases Prostate cancer Cancer
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Summary:	Advanced stage prostate and breast cancer frequently metastasize to the skeleton (approximately 75%). An additional complication in these patients, that further affects the bones, is that their hormonal treatment, induces osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates (bpns) are standard drugs against osteoporosis and have been shown to have clinically significant anti-tumor effects. This study describes the development of a new polybisphosphonate conjugate (ODX) with enhanced dual efficacy i.e. with anti-bone resorption and anti-tumor properties. Zoledronic acid (Zometa) was used as a positive control (at equimolar concentrations). Alendronic acid and aminoguanidine were conjugated to oxidized dextran with subsequent reductive amination (on average approximately 8 alendronate and approximately 50 guanidine moieties per conjugate). ODX was tested in a bone resorption assay for its capacity to inhibit bone resorbing osteoclasts (bone organ culture from neonatal mice, 45Ca labelled bone mineral). Tumor cell toxicity was studied on prostate (PC3) and breast cancer (MDA231, MDA453) cell cultures. Two methods were employed, a fluorescent cytotoxicity assay (FMCA) and an apoptosis assay (Annexin V assay). In the bone resorption assay, Zometa and ODX showed very similar potency with 50% osteoclast inhibition at approximately 20 nM and 100% at 0.2 microM. In the FMCA, IC50 for ODX was at approximately 2 microM and 25 microM for Zometa (PC3). In the apoptosis assay, ODX induced approximately 85-97% apoptosis at 10 microM in both cell lines, while Zometa failed to induce any significant apoptosis in any of the cell lines at the tested concentration range (10 nM-10 microM). ODX appears to be a promising drug candidate with high dual efficacy for the treatment of bone metastasis and osteoporosis. It has both potent osteoclast inhibiting properties and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy.
ISSN:	1019-6439 1791-2423 1791-2423
DOI:	10.3892/ijo_00000705