Optimizing Perioperative Experience in Upper Blepharoplasty: The Impact of Premedication on Anxiety, Pain, and Patient Satisfaction
Background The periorbital area undergoes transformative changes with age, influencing both aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the eyelids. Age-related alterations involve volume loss, shifts in eyelid crease position, drooping eyebrows, reduced skin elasticity, and the presence of derma...
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| Published in: | Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 2; p. e53858 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Cureus Inc
08-02-2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Background The periorbital area undergoes transformative changes with age, influencing both aesthetic appearance and functional aspects of the eyelids. Age-related alterations involve volume loss, shifts in eyelid crease position, drooping eyebrows, reduced skin elasticity, and the presence of dermatochalasis. Dermatochalasis, characterized by redundant upper eyelid skin folds, poses aesthetic and functional challenges, impacting visual acuity and eyelid elevation efficiency. Upper blepharoplasty addresses these age-related changes. Despite the elective nature of upper blepharoplasty, the procedure can evoke preoperative anxiety and discomfort. Various premedication strategies, including benzodiazepines, aim to alleviate anxiety and enhance the overall patient experience. However, ongoing debates persist regarding the optimal strategy for implementation. The study aims to contribute insights into the effectiveness of different premedication approaches in optimizing patient comfort during and after upper blepharoplasty. Methods The research design involves 182 patients divided into three groups: control group (CG) (n = 45) receiving no premedication, Group 1 (n = 98) receiving oral midazolam (a benzodiazepine), and Group 2 (n = 39) receiving a combination of midazolam, eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) eyelid ointment, and oral paracetamol with codeine phosphate hemihydrate. The study assesses anxiety levels, pain perception during local anesthetic injection, surgery, and postoperatively, as well as the use of painkillers and adverse effects. Ethical approval was obtained for the study. Results Significant differences were noted among the groups during local anesthetic injection (p < 0.0001), surgery (p < 0.0001), and post surgery (p < 0.0197). CG patients experienced higher pain levels during local anesthetic injection and surgery compared to Groups 1 and 2. Group 1 reported more pain during surgery than Group 2. Substantial differences were observed in preoperative (p < 0.0001), during-surgery (p < 0.0001), and after-surgery (p < 0.0001) anxiety levels. The CG exhibited higher preoperative anxiety compared to Group 1, while Group 1 had lower anxiety during surgery compared to the CG. Group 1 also reported lower anxiety after surgery than both the CG and Group 2. A significant difference was found in post-surgery painkiller usage among the groups (p = 0.0003). Group 2 showed significantly lower usage compared to Group 1 (p = 0.0004) and the CG (p = 0.0006). A significant difference was observed in the duration of painkiller use after surgery (p < 0.0014). The CG had a longer duration than Group 1 (p = 0.0049) and Group 2 (p = 0.0495). Conclusions Midazolam alone as premedication effectively reduced anxiety before, during, and after surgery. EMLA administration for injection pain did not produce superior results, likely due to its delayed onset. Paracetamol with codeine phosphate hemihydrate effectively reduced surgical pain and postoperative pain duration and decreased the need for painkillers. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 2168-8184 2168-8184 |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.53858 |