COVID-19 diagnosis —A review of current methods

A fast and accurate self-testing tool for COVID-19 diagnosis has become a prerequisite to comprehend the exact number of cases worldwide and to take medical and governmental actions accordingly. SARS-CoV-2 (formerly, 2019-nCoV) infection was first reported in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, and then...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. 172; p. 112752
Main Authors:	Yüce, Meral, Filiztekin, Elif, Özkaya, Korin Gasia
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier B.V 15-01-2021
Subjects:	Antibodies, Viral - analysis Antigens, Viral - analysis Biosensing Techniques - instrumentation Biosensing Techniques - methods COVID-19 COVID-19 - diagnosis COVID-19 - immunology COVID-19 - virology COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing - instrumentation COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Testing - methods COVID-19 Serological Testing - instrumentation COVID-19 Serological Testing - methods COVID-19 Testing - instrumentation COVID-19 Testing - methods Genome, Viral Humans Lateral flow assay Loop-mediated isothermal amplification Pandemics Point of care devices RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 - chemistry SARS-CoV-2 - genetics SARS-CoV-2 - immunology SARS-CoV-2 detection SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis SARS-CoV-2 detection RT-PCR Lateral flow assay Loop-mediated isothermal amplification Point of care devices
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Summary:	A fast and accurate self-testing tool for COVID-19 diagnosis has become a prerequisite to comprehend the exact number of cases worldwide and to take medical and governmental actions accordingly. SARS-CoV-2 (formerly, 2019-nCoV) infection was first reported in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, and then it has rapidly spread around the world, causing ~14 million active cases with ~582,000 deaths as of July 2020. The diagnosis tools available so far have been based on a) viral gene detection, b) human antibody detection, and c) viral antigen detection, among which the viral gene detection by RT-PCR has been found as the most reliable technique. In this report, the current SARS-CoV-2 detection kits, exclusively the ones that were issued an “Emergency Use Authorization” from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, were discussed. The key structural components of the virus were presented to provide the audience with an understanding of the scientific principles behind the testing tools. The methods that are still in the early research state were also reviewed in a subsection based on the reports available so far. •The structural biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 are described.•Viral gene, antigen, and antibody-based detection methods are discussed.•Emergency Use Authorization-issued commercial test kits are explained.•The methods at early research-stage are summarized.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	0956-5663 1873-4235
DOI:	10.1016/j.bios.2020.112752