Evaluation of the value of exhaled carbon monoxide in the differentiation of viral and bacterial pneumonia

This study compared exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels in patients hospitalized for bacterial and COVID-19-related viral community-acquired pneumonia. The study included a total of 150 patients: 50 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between February 2021 and March 2022, 50 patients with bacterial c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Biomarkers in medicine Vol. 17; no. 7; pp. 359 - 367
Main Authors:	Kerget, Buğra, Özkan, Hatice B, Alper, Fatih, Akgün, Metin
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Future Medicine Ltd 01-04-2023
Subjects:	bacterial pneumonia community-acquired pneumonia COVID-19 exhaled CO radiological score COVID-19 radiological score exhaled CO bacterial pneumonia community-acquired pneumonia
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	This study compared exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels in patients hospitalized for bacterial and COVID-19-related viral community-acquired pneumonia. The study included a total of 150 patients: 50 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between February 2021 and March 2022, 50 patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia and 50 healthy controls. In comparisons of exhaled CO levels among the groups, there was no significant difference between patients with bacterial pneumonia and controls, whereas patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had significantly higher exhaled CO levels compared with both the bacterial pneumonia and control groups (p < 0.001). Viral agents can directly affect the heme oxygenase system of the lower respiratory tract, leading to greater increases in ferritin and exhaled CO levels compared with bacterial pneumonia. Infections in the lung tissue cause stress in the body. Several mechanisms are activated in the body to balance this stress. The heme oxygenase system plays a role in suppressing inflammation, and its overactivation can cause an increase in the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) we exhale. This study examined exhaled CO levels in patients with bacterial lung infection and COVID-19 viral lung infection in comparison with the healthy population. We found that patients with COVID-19 lung infection had higher levels of CO in their breath than patients with bacterial lung infection and healthy control subjects. These findings suggest that measurements of exhaled CO levels in people with signs and symptoms of lung infection might be used to differentiate patients with viral and bacterial lung infections.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1752-0363 1752-0371
DOI:	10.2217/bmm-2022-0793