Persons with and without Down syndrome use similar strategies when using visual instructions for bimanual drumming

Background Previous research suggested that persons with Down syndrome (DS) used a different strategy to drum than typical adults. Methods The present study examined continuous bimanual drumming strategies in response to different instructions in 10 persons with DS, 10 mental age‐matched and 10 ch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of intellectual disability research Vol. 51; no. 12; pp. 953 - 961
Main Authors:	(Robertson) Ringenbach, S. D., Mulvey, G. M., Beachy, C.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-12-2007 Blackwell Publishing Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Auditory Stimuli bimanual coordination Cognition & reasoning Cognitive Processes Comparative Analysis Down Syndrome Down Syndrome - diagnosis Down's syndrome Drumming Humans Instruction instructions Intellectual disabilities Matched Groups Mental Age Motion Motor skills Musical Instruments Psychomotor Performance - physiology Psychomotor Skills Speech Perception strategy Studies Verbal Stimuli Visual Perception Visual Stimuli Visual task performance
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Summary:	Background Previous research suggested that persons with Down syndrome (DS) used a different strategy to drum than typical adults. Methods The present study examined continuous bimanual drumming strategies in response to different instructions in 10 persons with DS, 10 mental age‐matched and 10 chronological age‐matched groups. The drumming task required participants to hit two drums with the drumsticks at the same time following verbal (e.g. ‘up’ and ‘down’), visual (e.g. video of both drumsticks moving up and down together) or auditory (e.g. sound of both drums being hit, then cymbal being hit) instructions for 10 s. Sensors placed on the wrists of each participant and the end of each drumstick provided data that allowed the assessment of individual drumming strategies. Results In general, when persons with DS were following the visual instructions their drumming movements were shorter, straighter and less variable as compared with their movements in the auditory and verbal conditions. Conclusions Whether movement paths were straight or curved, the strategy was to move the drumstick and wrist together as one unit.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/WNG-95FWBXGB-6 ArticleID:JIR998 istex:EDB56BB050DE361FBF7C2294CD2C98698ED7EEA9 Christina Beachy was an undergraduate student at Arizona State University who completed this research as part of her Undergraduate Honors thesis. This research was supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R03HD046473‐01. Address correspondence concerning this article to Shannon D. R. Ringenbach, Department of Kinesiology, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 870404, Tempe, Arizona 85287‐0404. E‐mail address is shannon.ringenbach@asu.edu ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0964-2633 1365-2788
DOI:	10.1111/j.1365-2788.2007.00998.x